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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil Rights
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"Hon. John T. Ashcraft Writes on Woman Suffrage and the Negro."
Subject
The topic of the resource
Civil Rights
Description
An account of the resource
A July 10, 1919 letter to the Florence Herald written by Florence attorney, industrialist and lifelong Democrat the Hon. John T. Ashcraft (1859-1920) answering the objections of a "notable Alabamian" who was opposed to passage of the Women's Suffrage Amendment to the US Constitution on the grounds that, "As long as there is always danger that Congress, especially under republican [sic] rule, will insist that the South permit the negroes [sic] to vote or suffer a reduction in its representation, the question of equal suffrage should be left to the independent and voluntary action of the states." In other words, enfranchising women would at the same time also increase the number of black voters, which would tip the scales too far towards a black majority of voters. To which Mr. Ashcraft replied in part:
"Under our Constitution the right to vote is secured to every intelligent and industrious male citizen whether he be white or black. It protects the franchise against the invasion of the lawless and worthless whether he be white or black. The republicans [sic] of the North are making no threats or complaints against our present suffrage requirements . . . Yes, we will extend the suffrage to women on the same condition as to men. Today we extend it to negro [sic] men on precisely the same condition we extend it to white men and we stand ready to extend it also to white women and to negro [sic] women on the same conditions. We intend to deal fairly with both races and both sexes an[d] to maintain those noble provisions of our Constitution which invite every citizen, male or female, white or black, to learn how to read and write our Constitution, to seek profitable employment, and to acquire a home. When these qualities are manifested then we extend to all alike the high privileges of the ballot."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Hon. John T. Ashcraft
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Florence Herald
Florence Times (Photo)
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Newspapers.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1919-07-10
1903-12 (Photo)
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lee Freeman
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Images are available for educational and research purposes. This image may not be reproduced for commercial purposes without the express written consent of the copyright holder. It is the responsibility of the interested party to identify the copyright holder and receive permission.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Jpeg
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Image
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3161413d8cbe740b245d94fbfb2476c9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil Rights
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Articles on the 1946 Boswell Amendment to the Alabama Constitution
Subject
The topic of the resource
Civil Rights
Description
An account of the resource
A series of newspaper articles discussing the proposed Boswell Amendment to the Alabama Constitution of 1946.
Section 181 of the Alabama constitution allowed a citizen to register to vote if either they or their spouse owned at least $300 worth of real or personal property. Proposed Amendment No. 4 "reposes in County Registrars the right to require applicants for registration to interpret the Constitution of the United States. It removes the provision of our State Constitution providing that anyone owning as much as $300.00 may vote."
Interestingly, while the Amendment passed in Alabama by a small margin Lauderdale County, voted against the Amendment 3 to 1. The charge to vote down the amendment was led by Florence Times editor Louis Eckl.
(1) Alabama Politics. A Friday, January 25, 1946 Florence Herald article stating that Alabama's primaries will be held on May 7 and June 4, and that in 1946 "for the first time since 1870 they will be open to Negroes both as voters and candidates." The paper noted that the term "white" was stricken from the state committee's primary call due to a 1944 US Supreme Court ruling that made segregated primaries unconstitutional while at the same time, ironically, the committee endorsed the Boswell Amendment, which states that potential voters much be literate as well as able to understand and explain any article of the US Constitution in order to qualify to vote.
(2) A Friday, July 26, 1946 Resolution by the Montgomery, AL Junior Chamber of Commerce opposing passage of the Boswell Amendment, "which amendment prescribes who shall be qualified to register as voters in the State of Alabama." The Amendment essentially gave registrars the power to arbitrarily register or reject potential electors since an applicant had to satisfy the electors that he/she could understand/explain any section of the US Constitution, "even though the highest court in the land [the US Supreme Court] often divides on Constitutional questions by a vote of five to four . . ."
(3) Eighth District to Vote Sept. 24. A Florence Herald article noting that at a recent meeting of the AL State Democratic Executive Committee in Mobile, 53 out of 72 members voted for a Democratic Primary and 45 of 53 ballots endorsed using party funds to campaign for adoption of the Boswell Amendment.
(4-7) To the Voters of Alabama. A Friday, September 26, 1946 Florence Herald letter to the voters of Alabama by Gessner T. McCorvey, Chairman of the State Democratic Executive Committee of Alabama defending the Democratic Party's motto of "White Supremacy," stressing the need to support Proposed Amendment to Section 181 of the Alabama Constitution, the "Boswell Amendment" in furtherance of that goal.
(8) A Saturday October 5, 1946 Florence Times report of a speech given to the Montgomery, AL Civitan Club by J. Miller Bonner, former AL state senator and legal advisor to former AL governor Frank Dixon in which Bonner predicted a takeover by black voters in Alabama within four years if passage of the Boswell Amendment to the AL Constitution failed to pass.
(9) Supporters of the Boswell Amendment. A Friday, October 18, 1946 Florence Herald article commenting on several prominent Alabama politicians who supported the Boswell Amendment, including Governor Chauncey Sparks and former Governor Frank Dixon as well as those in opposition to it including Governor elect James . Folsom and Senator Lister Hill.
(10) Wilkinson Rives to Appear in Debate. A Friday, October 25, 1946 Florence Herald announcement noting that noted Alabama attorneys Richard T. Rives of Montgomery and Horace C. Wilkinson of Birmingham were scheduled to participate in a debate at the courthouse in Florence on Thursday night, October 31, sponsored by the Florence Junior Chamber of Commerce on the subject "Should the Boswell Amendment be Adopted?" Wilkinson would take the positive while Rives defended the negative.
(11-12) Boswell Plan is Denounced by Publisher. A Wednesday, October 30, Florence Times report on a Tuesday night, October 29, debate in Huntsville, in Madison County, AL by Gessner T. McCorvey of Mobile, Chairman of the State Democratic Executive Committee, a proponent of the Boswell Amendment, and Col. Harry M. Ayers, publisher of the Anniston Star, an opponent of Amendment 4.
(13) A Wednesday, October 30, Florence Times report quoting Julian Bailey of Florence, secretary-treasurer of the Alabama State Painters Conference, who stated that at their Sunday, October 27, convention, after a thorough discussion of Amendment 4, the Painters expressed unanimous opposition to the amendment.
(14) A Thursday, October 30, 1946 Florence Times report on the debate scheduled to held that night at the Lauderdale County Courthouse in Florence between Col. Richard T. "Dick" Rives and the Hon. Horace C. Wilkinson on the proposed Boswell Amendment to the AL Constitution.
(15) Sidelights on the Passing Parade by Harold May. A report on the recent debate at the courthouse in Florence on the merits of the Boswell Amendment bet. Richard C. Rives of Montgomery and Horace C. Wilkinson of Birmingham.
(16-17) A Friday, November 1, Florence Times report on the Thursday night, October 31, 1946 Florence debate between opponent of Amendment Four, Col. Richard T. "Dick" Rives and its proponent, the Hon. Horace C. Wilkinson,
(18) A Friday, November 1, 1946 Florence Times report stating that Amendment Four to the Alabama Constitution was opposed by 80 Alabama ministers, priests and rabbis.
(19-20) The Nine Amendments. A Friday, November 1, 1946 Florence Herald synopsis of the nine proposed amendments to the Alabama Constitution, including the controversial Amendment No. 4, the "Boswell Amendment."
(21) A Saturday, November 2, 1946 Florence Times editorial by editor Louis A. Eckl urging voters in the Muscle Shoals District to vote "no" on Amendment Four.
In the editorial, Eckl characterized the arguments of Amendment Four proponent the Hon. Horace C. Wilkinson from his Thursday night, October 31 debate with Col. Richard T. "Dick" Rives as "maggots of hate," reminiscent of speeches given by Adolph Hitler at the Nuremberg Sports Palace in the days before World War II. If passed, the amendment would substitute a government of men for one of law.
(22) In the Week's News. A Friday, November 8 Florence Herald report that the Boswell Amendment "was ratified by a small margin on the face of incomplete returns," but that "Lauderdale County voted against the Boswell Amendment by about 3 to 1 . . ."
(23) Rev. Bob Cook Talks to Exchange Club. A Friday, November 8, 1946 report on the Monday, November 4, meeting of Florence's Exchange Club, which meets at Basil's Cafe, at which club president and Florence Herald managing editor Harold S. May polled members on the Boswell Amendment, with the tally showing that Exchangeites 2 to 1 were against the passage of the amendment.
(24) Amendment No. 4 Given Majority. A Friday, November 15, 1946 Florence Herald article reporting on the passage of all nine amendments to the Alabama Constitution, including controversial Amendment No. 4, which had "the avowed aim of holding down Negro registration." The article notes that among opponents of the bill were Governor-Elect Jim Folsom and Senator Lister Hill, while prominent supporters included Governor Sparks and former Governor Frank Dixon.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
(1-7; 9-10; 15; 19-24) Florence Herald
(8, 11-14; 16-18) Florence Times
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Newspapers.com
Bell & Howell Micro Photo Division
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
(1) 1946-01-25
(2) 1946-07-26
(3) 1946-08-30
(4-7) 1946-09-26
(8) 1946-10-05
(9) 1946-10-18
(10) 1946-10-25
(11) 1946-11-01
(12-13) 1946-11-01
(14) 1946-1101
(15-16) 1946-11-01
(17) 1946-11-02
(18) 1946-11-08
(19) 1946-11-08
(20) 1946-11-15
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lee Freeman
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Images are available for educational and research purposes. This image may not be reproduced for commercial purposes without the express written consent of the copyright holder. It is the responsibility of the interested party to identify the copyright holder and receive permission.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Jpeg
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Image
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7bebe56f9b771303eadd34f7a9a18db9
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil Rights
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"Government by Injunction"
Subject
The topic of the resource
A July 4, 1957 *Florence Herald* editorial critical of the Civil Rights Bill sponsored by the Eisenhower administration.
Description
An account of the resource
A July 4, 1957 *Florence Herald* editorial critical of the Civil Rights Bill sponsored by the Eisenhower administration. Among other objections the paper stated that "In substance the provisions of (this bill) constitute nothing more than government by federal injunction."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
*Florence Herald*
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
*Florence Herald*, Thursday, July 4, 1957, p. 2.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
*Florence Herald*
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
July 4, 1957
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lee Freeman
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Images are available for educational and research purposes. This image may not be reproduced for commercial purposes without the express written consent of the copyright holder. It is the responsibility of the interested party to identify the copyright holder and receive permission.
-
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adc8c2e3ec1b4938990e5cbad23338a5
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil Rights
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"Civil Rights Hearing Halted by Commission"
Subject
The topic of the resource
A December 14, 1958 *Florence Herald* article reporting on the cessation of a series of hearings on Negro voting rights in Montgomery by the Federal Civil Rights Commission.
Description
An account of the resource
A December 14, 1958 *Florence Herald* article reporting on the cessation of a series of hearings on Negro voting rights in Montgomery by the Federal Civil Rights Commission, in order to enlist the aid of the federal courts to compel witnesses to comply with the commission's demands for the voting records in certain Alabama counties.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
*Florence Herald*
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
*Florence Herald*, Thursday, December 14, 1958, p. 1.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Newspapers.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
December 14, 1958
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lee Freeman
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Images are available for educational and research purposes. This image may not be reproduced for commercial purposes without the express written consent of the copyright holder. It is the responsibility of the interested party to identify the copyright holder and receive permission.
-
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4a4d6f54a468639c19fc9a0e29fb96c2
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil Rights
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"U.S. Senator John Sparkman"
Subject
The topic of the resource
April 28, 1960 campaign ad of Alabama Democratic Senator John Sparkman
Description
An account of the resource
An April 28, 1960 *Florence Herald* campaign ad of Alabama Democratic Senator John Sparkman, noting that among other Anti-Southern legislation he has worked and voted against all "so-called civil rights bills" and that he was opposed to the U. S. Supreme Court school integration decision, and I am sponsor of an amendment to nullify the decision and to restore full control of schools to State and local authorities. I have always worked for the preservation of Southern customs and traditions."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Friends of John Sparkman
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
*Florence Herald*, Thursday, April 28, 1960, p. 9.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Newspapers.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
April 28, 1960
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lee Freeman
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Images are available for educational and research purposes. This image may not be reproduced for commercial purposes without the express written consent of the copyright holder. It is the responsibility of the interested party to identify the copyright holder and receive permission.
-
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539ae319095dd7cca524326279bc4152
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil Rights
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"Think!"
Subject
The topic of the resource
Thursday, November 1, 1962 campaign ad sponsored by the Colbert and Lauderdale Democratic Campaign Committee.
Description
An account of the resource
Thursday, November 1, 1962 campaign ad sponsored by the Colbert and Lauderdale Democratic Campaign Committee, urging voters to "think before you vote and vote Democratic." The ad also advertises an upcoming Colbert Lauderdale Democratic Dinner to be held at Deschler High School in Tuscumbia on Saturday night, November 3, featuring speakers Senator Lister Hill and Representative Bob Jones. The ad noted that President Kennedy blamed "failure of this Civil Rights program on Southern Democrats--and justly so."
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Colbert Lauderdale Democratic Campaign Committee.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
*Florence Herald*, Thursday, November 1, 1962, p. 6.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Newspapers.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
November 1, 1962
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lee Freeman
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Images are available for educational and research purposes. This image may not be reproduced for commercial purposes without the express written consent of the copyright holder. It is the responsibility of the interested party to identify the copyright holder and receive permission.
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil Rights
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Kill Amendment No.3.
Amendment No. 3 Defeated by Voters.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Amendment No. 3, one of 13 proposed amendments to the Alabama Constitution.
Description
An account of the resource
1. A November 21, 1963 Florence Herald editorial urging readers to vote against Amendment No. 3, one of 13 proposed amendments to the Alabama Constitution. According to the *Herald,* citing a bulletin published by the League of Women Voters, while no doubt intended to discourage Negro voting, the amendment could be doubly problematic because, beyond requiring basic literacy, "the examination it proposes could be so difficult that few white persons or Negroes could pass it." Yet if passed, there was still the chance that this "obnoxious" amendment could be declared unconstitutional by the federal courts because "it is discriminatory in intent, if not in wording."
2. A December 12, 1963 Florence Herald report that Amendment No. 3 was defeated at the polls, with Lauderdale voters voting 1534 to 624 against it.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
*Florence Herald*
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
1. Florence Herald
2. Florence Herald
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Newspapers.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1. 1963-10-21
2. 1963-12-12
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lee Freeman
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Images are available for educational and research purposes. This image may not be reproduced for commercial purposes without the express written consent of the copyright holder. It is the responsibility of the interested party to identify the copyright holder and receive permission.
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913e064bc2687a342d71ee49cbc1f700
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil Rights
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"Integrate or Lose State School Funds"
Subject
The topic of the resource
Alabama School Integration
Description
An account of the resource
A July 16, 1964 *Florence Herald* article reporting that a three-judge federal court ruled on Tuesday that if Alabama schools don't integrate within a "reasonable time" they risk losing state funds.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
*Florence Herald*
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
*Florence Herald*, Thursday, July 16, 1964, p. 1.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Newspapers.com
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
July 16, 1964, p. 1.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lee Freeman
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Images are available for educational and research purposes. This image may not be reproduced for commercial purposes without the express written consent of the copyright holder. It is the responsibility of the interested party to identify the copyright holder and receive permission.
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil Rights
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
School Desegregation in Alabama
Subject
The topic of the resource
Civil Rights
Description
An account of the resource
Several Florence Herald and Tri-Cities Daily articles from 1964 to 1966 reporting on the Desegregation of Alabama Schools, including efforts by Governor George Wallace to delay the enforcement of federal desegregation guidelines in Alabama schools.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
1. Florence Herald
2. Tri-Cities Daily
3-17. Florence Herald
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Florence Herald
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Microfilm
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1. 1964-07-16
2. 1966-04-1
3. 1966-04-14
4. 1966-06-09
5. 1966-06-09
6-7. 1966-07-22
8. 1966-07=28
9. 1966-08-18
10. 1966-08-18
11-12. 1966-08-25
13-14. 1966-09-01
15-16. 1966-09-08
17. 1966-09=08
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lee Freeman
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Images are available for educational and research purposes. This image may not be reproduced for commercial purposes without the express written consent of the copyright holder. It is the responsibility of the interested party to identify the copyright holder and receive permission.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Jpeg
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Image
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2cf0a8ab5787b1e7435fb9413249d45a
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Civil Rights
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lauderdale County Schools Adopt Federal Desegregation Guidelines in 1966
Subject
The topic of the resource
Civil Rights
Description
An account of the resource
Florence Herald and Florence Times newspaper articles of 1966 reporting on the integration of Lauderdale County public school facilities.
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
1-5. Tri-Cities Daily
6-8. Florence Herald
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Microfilm
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1-4. 1966-03-22
5-7. 1966- 03-31
8. 1966-04-14
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lee Freeman
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Images are available for educational and research purposes. This image may not be reproduced for commercial purposes without the express written consent of the copyright holder. It is the responsibility of the interested party to identify the copyright holder and receive permission.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Jpeg
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Still Images